Lub Sijhawm Ncua Kev Sib Koom Tes (TDI) yog cov txheej txheem kev yees duab uas ua ntej hnub digital imaging - tab sis qhov ntawd tseem muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev ntawm kev txiav ntug ntawm cov duab niaj hnub no.Muaj ob qhov xwm txheej uas TDI lub koob yees duab tuaj yeem ci - ob qho tib si thaum cov duab thaij duab nyob rau hauv cov lus tsa suab:

1 - Cov duab thaij duab yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txav mus los tsis tu ncua, xws li kev soj ntsuam hauv lub vev xaib (xws li luam theej duab cov ntawv txav, yas lossis ntaub rau qhov tsis xws luag thiab kev puas tsuaj), cov kab sib dhos, lossis micro fluidics thiab cov dej ntws.

2 - Cov duab thaij duab zoo li qub uas tuaj yeem ua duab los ntawm lub koob yees duab txav los ntawm ib cheeb tsam mus rau ib cheeb tsam, los ntawm kev txav cov ntsiab lus lossis lub koob yees duab.Piv txwv muaj xws li lub tshuab nqus tsev swb scanning, tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, kev tshuaj xyuas vaj huam sib luag tiaj tus thiab lwm yam.

Yog tias ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem siv rau koj cov duab, nplooj ntawv web no yuav pab koj txiav txim siab seb qhov kev hloov ntawm 2-dimensional 'thaj chaw scan' lub koob yees duab mus rau Kab Scan TDI koob yees duab yuav ua rau koj cov duab muaj zog.

Qhov teeb meem nrog Cheeb Tsam-Scan & Moving Targets

· Motion Blur

Qee yam kev yees duab yog nyob rau hauv kev txav los ntawm qhov tsim nyog, piv txwv li hauv cov dej ntws los yog kev tshuaj xyuas lub vev xaib.Hauv lwm daim ntawv thov, xws li swb scanning thiab tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv, ua kom cov ntsiab lus hauv cov lus tsa suab tuaj yeem ua tau nrawm dua thiab ua tau zoo dua li kev tso tseg cov lus tsa suab rau txhua daim duab tau txais.Txawm li cas los xij, rau thaj chaw-scan lub koob yees duab, yog tias cov duab thaij duab nyob rau hauv cov lus tsa suab txheeb ze rau lub koob yees duab, qhov no tuaj yeem nthuav qhia qhov kev sib tw.

Motion blur distorting ib daim duab ntawm lub tsheb txav

Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tsis muaj teeb pom kev zoo lossis qhov xav tau cov duab zoo, lub sijhawm ntev lub koob yees duab yuav xav tau.Txawm li cas los xij, cov lus tsa suab ntawm cov ntsiab lus yuav nthuav tawm nws lub teeb hla ntau lub koob yees duab pixels thaum lub sij hawm raug, ua rau 'zaum plooj'.Qhov no tuaj yeem txo qis los ntawm kev ua kom raug luv luv - nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm nws yuav siv rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev nkag mus rau lub koob yees duab pixel.Qhov no yog qhovunfeem ntau ntawm cov nuj nqis ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj, nrov nrov, feem ntau siv tsis tau cov duab.

·Kev xaws

Tsis tas li ntawd, feem ntau cov duab loj lossis txuas ntxiv cov duab nrog cov koob yees duab hauv cheeb tsam yuav tsum tau txais ntau cov duab, uas tau muab khi ua ke.Qhov no stitching yuav tsum tau sib tshooj pixels ntawm cov duab nyob sib ze, txo kev ua tau zoo thiab nce cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia thiab ua cov kev xav tau.

·Lub teeb tsis sib xws

Dab tsi ntxiv, qhov teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsis tshua muaj txaus kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thiab cov khoom cuav ntawm ciam teb ntawm cov duab stitched.Tsis tas li ntawd, txhawm rau muab lub teeb pom kev zoo rau thaj tsam loj txaus rau thaj tsam-scan lub koob yees duab nrog kev siv zog txaus feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab, tus nqi siab DC lub teeb ci.

Uneven illumination nyob rau hauv stitching ib tug ntau daim duab nrhiav tau ib tug nas hlwb. Duab los ntawm Watson et al.2017: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180486

Lub koob yees duab TDI yog dab tsi, thiab nws pab tau li cas?

Hauv 2-dimensional cheeb tsam-scan lub koob yees duab, muaj peb theem ntawm kev tau txais cov duab: pixel rov pib dua, raug, thiab nyeem ntawv.Thaum lub sij hawm raug, photons los ntawm qhov chaw raug ntes, ua rau photoelectrons, uas tau muab cia rau hauv lub koob yees duab pixels kom txog thaum kawg ntawm qhov raug.Cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm txhua pixel yog tom qab nyeem tawm, thiab ib daim duab 2D tsim.Tom qab ntawd cov pixels rov pib dua thiab tag nrho cov nqi raug tshem tawm kom pib qhov tshwm sim tom ntej.

Txawm li cas los xij, raws li tau hais tseg, yog tias cov duab thaij duab txav mus rau lub koob yees duab, lub teeb los ntawm cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem kis tau ntau lub pixels thaum lub sij hawm raug, ua rau kev ua kom pom tseeb.TDI koob yees duab kov yeej qhov kev txwv no siv cov txheej txheem tshiab.Qhov no tau tshwm sim hauv [Animation 1].

·Yuav ua li cas TDI koob yees duab ua haujlwm

TDI koob yees duab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug fundamentally sib txawv txoj kev rau cheeb tsam scan lub koob yees duab.Raws li cov duab qhia txav hla lub koob yees duab thaum lub sijhawm raug, cov nqi hluav taws xob ua rau cov duab uas tau txais tau txav mus, nyob hauv sync.Thaum raug, TDI lub koob yees duab muaj peev xwm hloov tau tag nrho cov nqi tau txais los ntawm ib kab ntawm pixels mus rau tom ntej, raws lub koob yees duab, synchronized nrog cov lus tsa suab ntawm cov duab.Raws li cov ntsiab lus txav mus hla lub koob yees duab, txhua kab (lub npe hu ua 'TDI Stage'), muab lub sijhawm tshiab los nthuav tawm lub koob yees duab rau cov ntsiab lus, thiab khaws cov teeb liab.

Thaum ib kab ntawm cov nqi tau txais mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lub koob yees duab, tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov txiaj ntsig tau nyeem tawm thiab khaws cia ua 1-seem ntawm daim duab.Daim duab 2-D yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ua ke txhua qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm daim duab thaum lub koob yees duab nyeem lawv.Txhua kab ntawm pixels nyob rau hauv lub resulting duab lem thiab dluab tib 'slice' ntawm lub imaging subject, lub ntsiab lus hais tias txawm lub suab, tsis muaj qhov muag plooj.

·256x Ntev Ntev

Nrog TDI koob yees duab, lub sij hawm zoo ntawm cov duab yog muab los ntawm tag nrho lub sij hawm nws yuav siv sij hawm rau ib tug taw tes nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus rau traverse txhua kab ntawm pixels, nrog rau 256 theem muaj nyob rau ntawm ib co TDI koob yees duab.Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub sij hawm raug kis tau zoo 256 lub sij hawm loj dua lub koob yees duab hauv cheeb tsam tuaj yeem ua tiav.

Qhov no tuaj yeem xa ob qho kev txhim kho, lossis qhov sib npaug ntawm ob qho tib si.Ua ntej, ib qho kev txhawb nqa tseem ceeb hauv cov duab nrawm tuaj yeem ua tiav.Piv nrog rau thaj tsam scan lub koob yees duab, cov duab thaij duab tuaj yeem txav mus txog 256x sai dua thaum tseem ntes tib tus nqi ntawm cov teeb liab, muab cov kab ntawm lub koob yees duab nrawm nrawm.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tias xav tau ntau dua qhov xav tau, lub sijhawm ntev dua tuaj yeem ua kom cov duab zoo dua, qis dua qhov pom kev siv, lossis ob qho tib si.

·Cov ntaub ntawv loj dhau los tsis muaj stitching

Txij li thaum lub koob yees duab TDI tsim cov duab 2-dimensional los ntawm kev ua tiav 1-dimensional slices, cov duab tshwm tuaj yeem loj npaum li qhov xav tau.Thaum tus naj npawb ntawm pixels nyob rau hauv 'kab rov tav' kev taw qhia yog muab los ntawm qhov dav ntawm lub koob yees duab, piv txwv li 9072 pixels, ' ntsug' loj ntawm daim duab tsis txwv, thiab tsuas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm lub koob yees duab ntev npaum li cas.Nrog cov kab nqi txog li 510kHz, qhov no tuaj yeem xa cov ntaub ntawv loj heev.

Ua ke nrog qhov no, TDI koob yees duab tuaj yeem muab kev pom dav dav.Piv txwv li, lub koob yees duab 9072 pixel nrog 5µm pixels muab kab rov tav pom ntawm 45mm nrog kev daws teeb meem siab.Txhawm rau ua tiav qhov dav dav dav dav nrog 5µm pixel cheeb tsam scan lub koob yees duab yuav xav tau txog peb lub koob yees duab 4K ib sab.

·Kev txhim kho ntawm kab scan koob yees duab

TDI koob yees duab tsis yog tsuas yog muab kev txhim kho ntawm cheeb tsam scan lub koob yees duab.Kab scan koob yees duab, uas ntes tsuas yog ib kab ntawm pixels, kuj raug kev txom nyem los ntawm ntau yam tib yam teeb meem nrog illumination siv thiab luv exposures raws li cheeb tsam scan koob yees duab.

Txawm hais tias zoo li TDI cov koob yees duab, kab scan koob yees duab muaj ntau dua qhov teeb pom kev zoo nrog kev teeb tsa yooj yim, thiab zam qhov xav tau rau cov duab stitching, feem ntau lawv tuaj yeem xav tau cov teeb pom kev zoo heev thiab / lossis kev txav qeeb kom ntes cov teeb liab txaus rau cov duab zoo.Kev nthuav tawm ntev dua thiab cov ntsiab lus nrawm dua uas TDI lub koob yees duab ua kom txhais tau tias qis dua, txo nqi teeb pom kev zoo tuaj yeem siv thaum txhim kho kev ua haujlwm zoo.Piv txwv li, cov kab ntau lawm tuaj yeem txav los ntawm tus nqi siab, siab zog noj halogen teeb uas xav tau DC lub zog, mus rau LED teeb pom kev zoo.

Lub koob yees duab TDI ua haujlwm li cas?

Muaj peb hom qauv rau kev ua tiav TDI duab ntawm lub koob yees duab sensor.

CCD TSI- CCD koob yees duab yog qhov qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov koob yees duab digital.Vim lawv cov qauv siv hluav taws xob, ua tiav TDI tus cwj pwm ntawm CCD yog qhov yooj yim sib piv, nrog ntau lub koob yees duab sensors tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv txoj kev no.TDI CCDs yog li ntawd tau siv rau ntau xyoo lawm.

Txawm li cas los xij, CCD thev naus laus zis muaj nws cov kev txwv.Qhov me me pixel loj tshaj plaws uas muaj rau CCD TDI koob yees duab yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 12µm x 12µm - qhov no, nrog rau cov pixels me me, txwv lub koob yees duab lub peev xwm los daws cov ntsiab lus zoo.Dab tsi ntxiv, kev ceev ntawm kev yuav khoom yog qis dua lwm cov thev naus laus zis, thaum nyeem suab nrov - qhov tseem ceeb txwv tsis pub muaj teeb pom kev zoo - yog siab.Kev siv hluav taws xob kuj tseem siab, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv qee qhov kev siv.Qhov no ua rau muaj kev xav tsim TDI koob yees duab raws li CMOS architecture.

·Early CMOS TDI: Voltage-domain thiab digital summing

CMOS koob yees duab kov yeej ntau lub suab nrov & ceev txwv ntawm CCD koob yees duab, thaum siv tsawg zog, thiab muab cov pixel me me.Txawm li cas los xij, TDI tus cwj pwm yog qhov nyuaj dua kom ua tiav ntawm CMOS koob yees duab, vim lawv cov pixel tsim.Thaum CCDs lub cev txav photoelectrons ib ncig ntawm pixel rau pixel los tswj lub sensor, CMOS koob yees duab hloov cov teeb liab hauv photoelectrons rau voltages hauv txhua pixel ua ntej nyeem ntawv.

TDI tus cwj pwm ntawm CMOS sensor tau tshawb nrhiav txij li xyoo 2001, txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev sib tw rau yuav ua li cas los daws qhov 'sib sau ua ke' ntawm cov teeb liab thaum raug txav ntawm ib kab mus rau lwm qhov tseem ceeb.Ob txoj hauv kev thaum ntxov rau CMOS TDI tseem siv hauv cov koob yees duab kev lag luam niaj hnub no yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas thiab cov summing TDI CMOS.Nyob rau hauv voltage-domain accumululation koob yees duab, raws li txhua kab ntawm lub teeb liab yog kis tau raws li cov kev kawm imaging txav yav dhau los, qhov tau txais voltage yog ntxiv electronically mus rau tag nrho cov tau txais rau ntawm daim duab.Accumulating voltages nyob rau hauv txoj kev no qhia lub suab nrov ntxiv rau txhua theem TDI ntxiv uas ntxiv, txwv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov theem ntxiv.Cov teeb meem nrog linearity kuj nyuaj rau kev siv cov koob yees duab no rau cov ntawv thov raug.

Qhov thib ob txoj kev yog digital summing TDI.Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, lub koob yees duab CMOS tau ua haujlwm zoo hauv cheeb tsam scan hom nrog qhov raug luv luv sib phim rau lub sijhawm coj mus rau qhov kev xav tau txav mus hla ib kab ntawm pixels.Tab sis, cov kab los ntawm txhua tus ncej txuas ntxiv tau ntxiv ua ke digitally hauv txoj hauv kev uas TDI cuam tshuam tau xa.Raws li tag nrho lub koob yees duab yuav tsum tau nyeem tawm rau txhua kab ntawm pixels hauv cov duab tshwm sim, qhov kev ntxiv digital no tseem ntxiv cov suab nrov nyeem rau txhua kab, thiab txwv qhov nrawm ntawm kev tau txais.

·Cov txheej txheem niaj hnub no: tus nqi-domain TDI CMOS, lossis CCD-on-CMOS TDI

Cov kev txwv ntawm CMOS TDI saum toj no tau kov yeej tsis ntev los no los ntawm kev qhia txog kev them nqi sau npe TDI CMOS, tseem hu ua CCD-on-CMOS TDI.Kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov sensors no tau pom hauv [Animation 1].Raws li lub npe cuam tshuam, cov sensors no muab CCD zoo li kev txav ntawm cov nqi ntawm ib pixel mus rau tom ntej, accumulating teeb liab ntawm txhua theem TDI los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm photoelectrons nyob rau theem ntawm tus kheej nqi.Qhov no ua tau zoo tsis muaj suab nrov.Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev txwv ntawm CCD TDI tau kov yeej los ntawm kev siv CMOS nyeem ntawv architecture, ua kom muaj kev kub ceev, tsis tshua muaj suab nrov thiab tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob siv rau CMOS koob yees duab.

TDI Specifications: dab tsi tseem ceeb?

·Technology:Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog dab tsi sensor technology siv raws li tau tham saum toj no.Charge-domain CMOS TDI yuav xa cov kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws.

·TDI Stages:Qhov no yog tus naj npawb ntawm kab ntawm lub sensor tshaj qhov teeb liab tuaj yeem sau tau.Qhov ntau TDI theem ib lub koob yees duab muaj, lub sijhawm ntev ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig tuaj yeem ua tau.Los yog, qhov nrawm dua qhov kev yees duab tuaj yeem txav tau, muab lub koob yees duab muaj tus nqi txaus.

·Kab tus nqi:Muaj pes tsawg kab lub koob yees duab tuaj yeem nyeem ib ob.Qhov no txiav txim siab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev txav mus los uas lub koob yees duab tuaj yeem khaws nrog.

·Quantum Efficiency: Qhov no qhia tau hais tias lub koob yees duab rhiab heev rau lub teeb ntawm qhov sib txawv wavelengths, muab los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov teeb meem photon raug kuaj pom thiab tsim cov photoelectron.Kev ua haujlwm siab dua quantum tuaj yeem muab lub zog illumination qis dua, lossis ua haujlwm sai dua thaum tuav cov teeb liab tib theem.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov koob yees duab sib txawv ntawm qhov wavelength ntau yam uas qhov kev nkag siab zoo tuaj yeem ua tiav, nrog qee lub koob yees duab muab rhiab heev mus rau ultra-violet (UV) kawg ntawm lub spectrum, nyob ib ncig ntawm 200nm wavelength.

·Nyeem Noise:Nyeem cov suab nrov yog lwm yam tseem ceeb hauv lub koob yees duab rhiab heev, txiav txim siab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus teeb liab uas tuaj yeem kuaj pom saum lub koob yees duab lub suab nrov hauv pem teb.Nrog lub suab nrov nyeem ntawv, cov yam ntxwv tsaus nti tsis tuaj yeem kuaj pom thiab ntau yam kev hloov pauv tau txo qis, lub ntsiab lus ci ci dua lossis lub sijhawm raug pom ntev dua & qeeb zog yuav tsum tau siv.

TDI Specifications: dab tsi tseem ceeb?

Tam sim no, TDI koob yees duab tau siv rau kev soj ntsuam hauv lub vev xaib, hluav taws xob thiab kev tsim khoom, thiab lwm yam kev siv tshuab pom.Ib sab ntawm qhov no yog qhov nyuaj rau kev siv lub teeb qis xws li fluorescence imaging thiab swb scanning.

Txawm li cas los xij, nrog rau kev qhia txog kev kub ceev, suab nrov qis, siab rhiab heev TDI CMOS koob yees duab, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau kev ceev thiab kev ua haujlwm nce ntxiv hauv cov ntawv thov tshiab uas yav tas los tsuas yog siv thaj chaw-scan lub koob yees duab.Raws li peb tau qhia thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm, TDI cov koob yees duab yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav kev nrawm thiab cov duab zoo rau ob qho tib si kev yees duab hauv cov lus tsa suab tas li, lossis qhov twg lub koob yees duab tuaj yeem luam tawm thoob plaws cov duab zoo li qub.

Piv txwv li, hauv daim ntawv thov microscopy, peb tuaj yeem sib piv cov theoretical nrhiav tau ceev ntawm 9K pixel, 256 theem TDI lub koob yees duab nrog 5 µm pixels rau 12MP lub koob yees duab cheeb tsam scan lub koob yees duab nrog 5 µm pixels.Cia peb tshuaj xyuas qhov tau txais thaj tsam 10 x 10 mm nrog 20x magnification los ntawm kev txav mus rau theem.

1. Siv lub hom phiaj 20x nrog rau thaj tsam scan lub koob yees duab yuav xa ib qhov 1.02 x 0.77 mm imaging field of view.

2. Nrog rau lub koob yees duab TDI, lub hom phiaj 10x nrog 2x ntxiv kev nthuav dav tuaj yeem siv los kov yeej txhua qhov kev txwv hauv lub tshuab ntsuas qhov pom, kom xa 2.3 hli kab rov tav duab pom.

3. Piv txwv tias 2% pixel sib tshooj ntawm cov duab rau lub hom phiaj stitching, 0.5 vib nas this kom txav mus rau theem mus rau qhov chaw teeb tsa, thiab lub sij hawm raug 10ms, peb tuaj yeem xam lub sij hawm thaj tsam scan lub koob yees duab yuav siv.Ib yam li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem suav lub sijhawm TDI lub koob yees duab yuav siv yog tias theem tau khaws cia rau hauv qhov kev txav mus tas li los luam theej duab hauv Y kev taw qhia, nrog rau tib lub sijhawm raug rau ib kab.

4. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub cheeb tsam scan lub koob yees duab yuav tsum tau 140 dluab yuav tsum tau, nrog 63 vib nas this siv mus rau theem.Lub koob yees duab TDI yuav tau txais tsuas yog 5 cov duab ntev, tsuas yog 2 vib nas this siv txav theem mus rau kab tom ntej.

5. Tag nrho cov sij hawm siv tau qhov 10 x 10 mm cheeb tsam yuav yog64.4 vib nas this rau cheeb tsam scan lub koob yees duab,thiab xwb9.9 vib nas this rau lub koob yees duab TDI.

Yog tias koj xav pom seb lub koob yees duab TDI puas tuaj yeem phim koj daim ntawv thov thiab ua tau raws li koj xav tau, tiv tauj peb hnub no.